• To overcome these limitations investigators have developed n

  2022-06-13

  

  To overcome these limitations, investigators have developed novel strategies for identifying and purifying gonadotropes from transgenic mouse models. For example, FSH-producing gonadotropes have been tagged in vivo with a transgenic cell surface antigen (H-2Kk) so that they can be purified in vitro

• Cichlasoma dimerus as most teleost fish species present neur

  2022-06-13

  

  Cichlasoma dimerus, as most teleost fish species, present neurons expressing GnRH3 (Pandolfi et al., 2005). As in most dopamine antagonist drugs species, the neurons expressing GnRH3 are mainly located in the NOR, although few neurons were detected in the olfactory bulb, ventral telencephalon and t

• Nogo-66 (1-40) Structural analysis of the MD open state

  2022-06-13

  

  Structural analysis of the MD-open state unveils that the transmembrane domain features a symmetric organization of the pore-lining helices M2 similar to the semi-open structure but with a local asymmetry at the constriction point, which is critical for chloride permeation. The atomistic simulations

• A key limiting factor in the semi quantitative analysis

  2022-06-13

  

  A key limiting factor in the semi-quantitative analysis of changes in the nuclear-to-cytoplasmic distribution of glucokinase is the large intercellular heterogeneity of Fmoc-Ala-OMe synthesis of glucokinase in both isolated hepatocytes in vitro and also in liver in vivo[13], [23], [24], [26], [36].

• Apoptosis a form of programmed cell death is

  2022-06-13

  

  Apoptosis, a form of programmed cell death, is a critical component in maintaining homeostasis and growth in all tissues and plays a significant role in immunity and cytotoxicity [54,55]. Although GR are expressed in all immune cells, the physiological outcomes of GR activation are highly cell type

• br Materials and methods br Acknowledgments We are grateful

  2022-06-10

  

  Materials and methods Acknowledgments We are grateful for financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants No. 81661148046 and 81773762, China) and the “Personalized Medicines—Molecular Signature-based Drug Discovery and Development”, Strategic Priority Research

• Both anxiety like behavior and

  2022-06-10

  

  Both anxiety-like behavior and sucrose preference/intake were reduced in GPR40/FFAR1 KO male mice, while social behavior was normal in KO mice. These findings indicate that brain GPR40/FFAR1 is involved in the modulation of anxiety- and depression-like behavior in rodents. Previous studies have demo

• The organ culture method has previously shown to be

  2022-06-10

  

  The organ culture method has previously shown to be a suitable model for investigations of receptor upregulation on vascular smooth muscle cells (Adner et al., 1996). In our study, the organ culture method was applied in order to examine whether LPS from P.g. was capable of altering the gene express

• The molecular mechanism of gliotransmitter release

  2022-06-10

  

  The molecular mechanism of gliotransmitter release is not fully understood until now, and previous studies have emphasized that the elevation of [Ca2+]i triggers vesicular neuroscience peptides of glutamate. Parpura et al. reported that the essential role of Ca2+ release from internal stores in glut

• Hypoxia HIF and Inflammation Cellular responses to hypoxia a

  2022-06-10

  

  Hypoxia, HIF, and Inflammation Cellular responses to hypoxia are essential for life and are now recognized to be dysregulated in a wide range of disease processes. The key players in these pathways are a family of transcription factors, the hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs; see Glossary), as well as

• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion Recently w

  2022-06-10

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Recently, we characterized the interaction of the PH domains of various Lbc family RhoGEFs with the activated small GTPase, RhoA, and demonstrated that this could serve as a positive feedback mechanism for robust activation of RhoA (Medina et al., 20

• To characterize the basic functions of GPR in

  2022-06-10

  

  To characterize the basic functions of GPR84 in phagocytes, we have utilized the receptor selective antagonist GLPG1205 (a small selective antagonist of GPR84 developed by Galapagos NV [14]) together with ZQ16 (2-(hexylthio) pyrimidine-4,6-diol), a potent GPR84 selective agonist identified in a high

• br Introduction In the treatment of patients with

  2022-06-09

  

  Introduction In the treatment of patients with AIDS and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), anti-retroviral therapy (ART), which uses anti-HIV drugs such as protease inhibitors, integrase inhibitors and reverse transferase inhibitors, has made a major contribution. There are still some s

• Glutamate activates cationic glutamate gated channels

  2022-06-09

  

  Glutamate activates cationic glutamate-gated channels (i.e. ionotropic glutamate receptors) that mediate the fast excitatory actions of glutamate. It also activate G protein-coupled receptors, named metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) (Pin and Bettler, 2016). The eight subtypes of mGluRs are k

• br Introduction Glucose is the major

  2022-06-09

  

  Introduction Glucose is the major carbon source in most organisms. Cancer β-Glycerophosphate sodium salt hydrate mg in particular require a steady source of energy to maintain growth and proliferation, and preferentially use glycolysis for their energy supply even under aerobic conditions. Gluco

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