• In conclusion we demonstrated that extrasynaptic glutamate

  2022-01-30

  

  In conclusion, we demonstrated that extrasynaptic glutamate could in situ affect the AA metabolism via brain CYPs. CYP1B1 and CYP2U1 genes in the astrocytes are the downstream genes of CREB, and the up-regulation of CYP1B1 and CYP2U1 expression by glutamate was due to the increases in phosphorylated

• Expression and translocation of GLUT are regulated by variou

  2022-01-30

  

  Expression and translocation of GLUT4 are regulated by various mechanisms including protein kinase C isoforms (PKCs) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signals [22], [23], but the real mechanism that statins alter expression and function of GLUT4 has not been fully identified. It is general

• Galanin mediates its activity by binding to three

  2022-01-30

  

  Galanin mediates its activity by binding to three G-protein coupled receptor subtypes (designated GAL1-GAL3). Since GAL3 mRNA is found mainly in regions of the mesolimbic dopamine system, such as the ventral tegmental area, dorsal raphe nucleus, LC, amygdala, hippocampus, thalamus, hypothalamus, NAc

• The GABA A receptors containing the

  2022-01-30

  

  The GABA-A receptors containing the δ subunit are crucial for the mediation of non-synaptic inhibition in the dentate gyrus; thus, the decreased expression of the δ subunit may suggest a decrease in the inhibitory tone and an increase in the neuronal excitability. Moreover, the GABA-A receptors cont

• imidazole br Materials methods br Results

  2022-01-30

  

  Materials & methods Results FAS c.-671AA, AG and GG genotypes and A and G imidazole frequencies were similar in both patients with FMF and healthy control groups, and no significant difference was found (P>0.05, Table 1). The frequency of TC genotype in FASLG in the healthy controls was signi

• beta-Nicotinamide mononucleotide receptor FDP is considered

  2022-01-30

  

  FDP is considered as key intermediate in the isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway, since it is the common precursor of polyisoprene units and farnesylated proteins (Cao et al., 2012). In order to understand the role of FDP gene in rubber-producing plants it is of critical importance to beta-Nicotinamide

• At the molecular level AZ

  2022-01-29

  

  At the molecular level AZ scaffold proteins including piccolo and bassoon have been shown to directly or indirectly associate with endocytic and actin-binding proteins such as ABP1 (Fenster et al., 2003), profilin, and GIT (Podufall et al., 2014) (Fig. 2B). ABP1 and profilin, via regulating F-actin,

• br Acknowledgements br Insulin is a vital

  2022-01-29

  

  Acknowledgements Insulin is a vital peptide hormone with the exclusive capacity to regulate the blood glucose that entirely is secreting from pancreatic β cells (Kasai et al., 2014). The human insulin comprises 51 amino Serotonin HCl receptor residues, with a molecular mass of 5.808 kDa. INS,

• In conclusion the most salient observation from this study w

  2022-01-29

  

  In conclusion, the most salient observation from this study was that PAE reduced the expression of HDC protein expression in dentate gyrus, cerebral cortex, and cerebellum, but not in the caudate nucleus or ventral hypothalamus. The regional basis for this heightened sensitivity is not known, but it

• The CRY protein contains a conserved photolyase homology reg

  2022-01-29

  

  The CRY1 protein contains a conserved photolyase homology region crucially involved in repression of CLOCK/BMAL1; a C-terminal helix also known as the predicted coiled coil (CC), which interacts with PER2 and FBXL3 in a mutually exclusive manner; and a C-terminal extension also referred to as the “t

• however The first suggestion that the Hh pathway

  2022-01-29

  

  The first suggestion that the Hh pathway might be involved in the pathogenesis of chronic liver disease was reported at the beginning of this millennium by Shackel et al. who noted that Patch and Gli were upregulated in their microarray analysis of liver tissues from patients with primary biliary ch

• br Activation of soluble guanylate cyclase The molecular ste

  2022-01-29

  

  Activation of soluble guanylate cyclase The molecular steps involved in sGC activation have evolved significantly over the last several years. The key studies are outlined below, but here we provide an overall summary. The activation mechanism of sGC was initially proposed to be relatively simple

• In addition for the function

  2022-01-29

  

  In addition, for the function of GSNOR in brain, since GSNOR is the sole alcohol dehydrogenase isozyme in brain, the failure to detect ethanol dehydrogenase activity poses a problem if it is assumed that this enzyme has evolved and developed as a protective mechanism for ethanol detoxification in th

• In breeding season small mammals

  2022-01-29

  

  In breeding season, small mammals increase dispersal and social communication to maximize their opportunity to mate. In the present study, we found that gerbils in April showed more locomotion and exploratory behavior in the open field test. Moreover, subadult gerbils in April and July were more lik

• Spatial working memory improved in the Balb

  2022-01-29

  

  Spatial working memory improved in the Balb/c strain at a dose of VU0410120 (i.e., 30mg/kg) that disrupted spatial working memory in the Swiss Webster comparator strain. Consistent with a recent PET study in rhesus macaques suggesting a relationship between the extent of the dose-dependent occupancy

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