• br Introduction Activation of the lipid sensing receptor GPR

  2021-11-05

  

  Introduction Activation of the lipid sensing receptor, GPR55, by lysophosphatidyl inositol (LPI) has been well documented, and implicated in endocannabinoid signaling [1]. Intracellular events resulting from GPR55 activation include; enhanced β-arrestin activity, calcium mobilization and ERK1/2 p

• Initial evidence that cell contact mediated transmission of

  2021-11-05

  

  Initial evidence that cell-contact-mediated transmission of HIV-1 is relevant for the generation of latently infected LY364947 was suggested in the context of transmission from dendritic cells to resting CD4+ T cells (Evans et al., 2013, Kumar et al., 2015). As dendritic cells probe for antigens, t

• GnRH receptor GnRH R levels

  2021-11-05

  

  GnRH receptor (GnRH-R) levels are elevated in decidualized stromal cells, suggesting a function for the GnRH–GnRH-R pathway in the early implantation events. Both GnRH and GnRH-R have been shown to be present in preimplantation embryos and the fallopian tubes at both mRNA and protein levels (). Two

• Generally speaking the regulation of GnIH on gonadotropins

  2021-11-05

  

  Generally speaking, the regulation of GnIH on gonadotropins synthesis and release, although controversial, could be direct and/or indirect via GnRH, among others peptides. In this sense, different scenarios have been reported in vertebrates. In mammalian and avian species, GnIH fibers reach the medi

• In patients with type diabetes glucagon receptor antagonism

  2021-11-05

  

  In patients with type 2 diabetes glucagon receptor antagonism led lowered fasting glucose however not postprandial glucose levels [9], which may reflect that glucagon may not be of particular importance for the diabetic hyperglycemia upon a meal. Current glucagon receptor antagonists have however be

• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion

  2021-11-05

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Induction of neuronal cell death is the main neurotoxic mechanism of arsenite (Vahidnia et al., 2007). Previous studies have demonstrated that arsenite may trigger neuronal cell death via apoptosis, autophagy as well as necrosis (Yen et al., 2012; La

• We have presented evidence that

  2021-11-05

  

  We have presented evidence that only muscle FBPase is detectable within HL-1 cells. This is consistent with past findings of the Eschrich's group, which showed that in rat heart nor-NOHA acetate expression of FBPase is almost exclusively limited to the muscle isozyme [3]. Results of our preliminar

• Consistent with a similar study we found

  2021-11-05

  

  Consistent with a similar study, we found economic status to be very important to domestic funding of HIV. Upper-middle-income and high-income countries are more likely to have fiscal space for health and be less reliant on external sources. Moreover, richer countries often attract larger cofinancin

• In order to better manage HBV

  2021-11-04

  

  In order to better manage HBV infection and related liver diseases, it is critical to develop new antiviral strategies to increase the rate of functional or complete cure of HBV infection (HBsAg loss and cccDNA elimination), achieving more than viral suppression (Zeisel et al., 2015). As a result, m

• It has been proposed that HCA may be a better

  2021-11-04

  

  It has been proposed that HCA1 may be a better target than HCA2 to treat dyslipidemia and to prevent progression of atherosclerosis, because HCA1 is less widely expressed, and HCA1 activation does not result in flushing. However, since the antilipolytic effects mediated by HCA2 appear to be not the

• br Methods br Transfollicular penetration of herbs

  2021-11-04

  

  Methods Transfollicular penetration of herbs and their active constituents used for hair loss treatment The transfollicular administration of pharmacologically active molecules is recognised as a significant element for therapeutic interest, mainly with regard to delivery to specific sites of

• In mice iNKT cells are most frequent among liver

  2021-11-04

  

  In mice, iNKT cells are most frequent (20–30%) among liver T lymphocytes, while they only constitute 0.4–1% of the total T cells in thymus, bone marrow, spleen, lymph node, and intraepithelial lymphocytes. In humans, iNKT cells constitute approximately only a 0.1–0.2% of the peripheral blood T lymph

• During pain signal transmission glutamate

  2021-11-04

  

  During pain signal transmission, glutamate is released into the synaptic cleft, which, in turn, causes activation of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors and hence neurotransmission across the synapse occurs. The synaptic concentration and resultant activity of glutamate are controlled by excitator

• br Conclusion Until recently astrocytes were recognized sole

  2021-11-04

  

  Conclusion Until recently, astrocytes were recognized solely for their maintenance role in the regulation of alpha 1 adrenergic receptors homeostasis. Nowadays, this idea has changed, it is clear that these cells play a crucial role in the regulation of neuronal activity and signal transmission.

• br Methods GLUT DS was diagnosed either when

  2021-11-04

  

  Methods GLUT1DS was diagnosed either when analysis of the SLC2A1 gene showed a pathogenic mutation and/or when cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis met the criteria for GLUT1DS: a CSF N-(p-amylcinnamoyl) sale below the 10th percentile, a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to blood ratio below the 25th perc

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